A Brief Timeline of the 1950s

Comparison of Apple and MatsSoft - 1407 Words

Comparison of Apple and MatsSoft on Basis of Various Strategies of Branding Branding and Positioning Strategy of Apple and MatSsoft For many years the product strategy of Apple is involved for creating many innovative products which are aligned with the strategy of â€Å"digital hub† (www.marketingmindscom). The core competence of the company is on delivering the exceptional experience with the user interfaces. The company has the strategy of branding which focuses on the emotions. The brand personality of Apple is about the imagination, lifestyle, innovation, passion through technology. For the sales promotion strategy this company knows what is best. This company uses the short term techniques for persuading the members of the target†¦show more content†¦For example the company reports that almost half of the computer sales are made to the people who are new to the Macintosh, and the sales of the company have been growing since 2006. The efforts of the company have been superb since 2007, when it launched the iPod (Dalrymes 2007). This company has made efforts to make the brand memorable, easily recognizable in the eyes of the end customers. The product has been delivered in superior quality and reliability. The equity of the brand is positive if people are ready to pay more for the branded product than the generic one. This company has high brand awareness and thus has a high market share till date. On the other hand the company MatSsoft is still on the verge of creating new market through rebranding process. The company has redefined their website altogether in a new way, which in future might be creating large brand equity for the company. The product launched by this company is new and thus the company is still in the process of creating huge market for that product (smallbusiness.yahoo.com). Both the companies have been competing in the electronics industry, since a long time and for the marketers the company is also making its presence felt to the rival Google Company in the market of advertising, via the apps business. The similarities could be that both the companies capture high end customers as the products are not sold

Acadamic Misconduct free essay sample

If an allegation arises towards a student and if its proven in an investigation then student has to face penalties under student academic misconduct policy. In this essay we going to discuss in brief about plagiarism, cheating, collusion and academic misconduct procedural process depending on minor or substantial misconduct when allegations arise and appeal for the student.As per ISIS policy Plagiarism is defined as an act of presenting material as ones own without appropriate acknowledgement that constitutes plagiarism, not the intension of the student when doing so, for example when student vomits work in which words or ideas are presented as their own as intentional or unintentional without proper acknowledgment of the original author such as website, other students work, lecture, journal article or book.Cheating is described as any attempt to give or obtain assistance in a formal academic exercise such as examination, without due acknowledgment such as speaking to other students during examination, carrying any information materials such as textbooks, using electronics devices such as mobile, Bluetooth any other items which are prohibited by examination supervisor. We will write a custom essay sample on Acadamic Misconduct or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Collusion is where two or more people engage in plagiarism, cheating or encourage others to do so. According to ISIS Academic misconduct policy there are Minor misconduct and substantial misconduct. A Minor misconduct is determine by the university as a minimal threat to integrity of the student assessment in writing such as lack of referencing or academic requirements. A substantial misconduct is determine by the university as a major threat to integrity such as, when a student repeats minor misconduct activities intentionally, any allegations in the examination and any allegations related to illusion.In the process of investigating the allegations unit teacher, unit coordinator, Dean, school academic committee and student academic committee will be involved. In the first stage of Investigation process and hearing of academic misconduct, If unit teacher or examination supervisor believe that there is any academic misconduct happened, and they have evidence or reasons to support, teacher of the unit will report to unit coordinator with relevant documentation by signed copy or emai l, then with in five working days unit coordinator will send copy of allegation to the Dean.The dean, will advise unit coordinator to do investigation, and then unit coordinator and unit teacher decides to do further investigation, unit teacher will notify the student and invite for meeting in writing by post and email. Student can attend meeting with fellow student or university academic staff member or a student welfare officer. Meeting will be organized between 8 15 working days after on invitation letter dispatch date. Student must respond to the invitation with in seven working days date of dispatch whether he / she will attend the meeting or not.The decision will be made on the allegation even in the student absence. If unit coordinator decides that the allegation is not substantial he / she will dismiss it. Other penalties like refer to academic counseling, student ARQ Eire to re-submit assessment task after re-submission unit coordinator makes a decision on the marks and grades student may get zero marks. Fifth unit coordinator determine its substantial he/ she will be referred to relevant dean for decision.After going through all the process as discussed earlier in which case the unit coordinator will send the invitation letter to student for meeting with dean. After meeting if dean decides its not substantial dean will dismiss the allegation. When dean decides the allegations substantial then dean can penalizes student such as recommend to counseling ask for re-submission of work, if required student has to sit for exam again, dean will decide marks and grades. If dean judges that the allegation very substantial or too serious then dean refers that allegation to SAC (student academic committee).After going all the process as discussed above, student will have meeting with SAC members. After meeting if SAC decides if allegation are true it will take any action of dean penalties or combination of them, or suspend the student from university minimum period of months not more than 12 months, or dismiss the student for minimum of 12 months not more than 24 months in this case student has to apply for readmission or SAC can suspend the student permanently from the university.A student can appeal against the unit coordinators decision when stude nt considers that the decision was made against the procedural fairness or when student not agreeing with allegations or when student considers that there is a substantial new evidence which was not available previously to unit coordinator or when student considers the penalty imposed by unit ordinate was too severe. Student must appeal within 15 days with evidence in writing to dean from the date of the letter advising of unit coordinators decision.

Thomas Stearns Eliot Essays (799 words) - Christian Poetry

Thomas Stearns Eliot Thomas Stearns Eliot was born to a very distinguished New England family on September 26, 1888, in St. Louis, Missouri. His father, Henry Ware, was a very successful businessman and his mother, Charlotte Stearns Eliot, was a poetess. His paternal grandfather established and presided over Washington University. While visiting Great Britain in 1915, World War I started and Eliot took up a permanent residency there. In 1927, he became a British citizen. While living in Britain, Eliot met and married Vivienne Haigh-Wood and at first everything was wonderful between them. Then he found out that Vivienne was very ill, both physically and mentally. In 1930, Vivienne had a mental breakdown and was confined to a mental hospital until her death in 1947. Her death was very hard on Eliot and he died on January 4, 1965. Most of Eliot's works were produced from the emotional difficulties from his marriage. Because of Eliot's economic status, he attended only the finest schools while growing up. He attended Smith Academy in St. Louis and Milton Academy in Massachusetts. In 1906, he started his freshman year at Harvard University studying philosophy and literature. He received his bachelor's degree in philosophy in only three years. Eliot went on to study at the University of Oxford and also at the Sorbonne in Judice 2 Paris. At the Sorbonne, he found inspiration from writers such as Dante and Shakespeare and also from ancient literature, modern philosophy and Eastern mysticism. T. S. Eliot's first poem was The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock written in 1915. It is widely recognized as one of Eliot's most brilliant poems. J. C. C. Mays claims that, "It is one of his most approachable poems since it structurally takes fewer risks than some of his later poems. The tone of effort and futility of effort is central in Eliot's poems" (Mays 111). Another poem, The Waste Land was written in 1922 and it contrasts modern society with societies of the past. "The assumption of the mythical method is that our culture and language once had a pervasive meaningfulness which has been lost in our increasingly rational and discontinuous society, but by recovering the lost myth from within our culture, poets can restore mythic unity to literature" (Leavell 146). Eliot converted his religion to Anglo - Catholicism and in 1927, his poetry took on new spiritual meaning. Ash Wednesday was the first poem he wrote after his conversion. It was written in 1930. It is said that it traces the pattern of Eliot's spiritual progress. It strives to make connections between the earthly and the eternal, the word of man and the Word of God and the emphasis is on the struggle toward belief. "Eliot develops independently and begins immediately in all of his works. Ash Wednesday takes place in a world which is all meaningless, and yet is a plea directed toward the infinite, toward a realm that is ultimately unknowable" (Leavell 152). Judice 3 In the poem, A Song for Simeon, a man sees the Incarnation after his birth. After seeing this, the man wishes only for death because he feels now that he is free from sin. In this poem, Eliot used images of Jesus' life such as: the crucifixion, Roman soldiers, and Judas' betrayal of Jesus. I think Eliot used these images because of how important Jesus' life and death are to everyone in the Christian faith. "A Song for Simeon is an essentially interior monologue with the repetition of his prayer for peace, oblivion, and death" (Brooker 101). Other poems Eliot has written are: Portrait of a Lady (1915), Mr. Apollinax (1916), Sweeny Among the Nightingales (1918), and Four Quartets (1943) which he believed to be his greatest achievement. Eliot also wrote the play "Murder in the Cathedral" (1935). It was about the murder of Thomas Becket and was later turned into a film in 1952. Other plays written by Eliot are: "The Family Reunion" (1939), "The Cocktail Party" (1949), "The Confidential Clerk" (1953), and "The Elder Statesman" (1959). "Thomas Stearns Eliot has been considered by many to be the leading American poet of this century. His poem The Waste Land is a summation of the disillusion and fragmentation that was felt by so many people following the first World War. It contained many poetic techniques that changed the face of modern poetry" (Costa 96). Eliot is considered one of the greatest poets and equally one of the greatest critics to ever live even though many were put off by his personality. He received the

Management and Organisational Problems Created When Toyota Motor Sales, Usa, Relied on Its Corporate Customer Information System and Management Decisions Taken to Solve This Problem. Essays

Management and Organisational Problems Created When Toyota Motor Sales, Usa, Relied on Its Corporate Customer Information System and Management Decisions Taken to Solve This Problem. Essays Management and Organisational Problems Created When Toyota Motor Sales, Usa, Relied on Its Corporate Customer Information System and Management Decisions Taken to Solve This Problem. Essay Management and Organisational Problems Created When Toyota Motor Sales, Usa, Relied on Its Corporate Customer Information System and Management Decisions Taken to Solve This Problem. Essay Ambitions and targets are something which everybody owns. But not everyone has the same ambition. To some, becoming a pilot is an ambition, while to some doing Doctorate is an ambition. Similarly owning and driving Toyota Lexus is an ambition of many people. But ambitions of these are not easy to achieve. There are thousands of people who fancy owning a Toyota Lexus, as we all know how costly it is and affording a Lexus is not easy. When we study this case we came to know that they were encountered by a data administration problem, when they started posting cheques equivalent to $400 to the customers who were not eligible or never owned Toyota Lexus. Those cheques were issued to compensate the tyre replacement for Toyota Lexus customers only. The seriousness of this problem can be assumed by this fact that those cheques were send to those customers as well who never owned Toyota Lexus since a while. And the worst part was that they came to knew about this problem when one of the cheques was received by the Auditor of Toyota Motor Sales USA who no longer owned the vehicle. Following is a case study which emphasises on the value of money for the customer services and also on the importance of accurate data administration by keeping it organised in an efficient way. Research and Analysis: Toyota Lexus believed in high customer’s services and satisfaction and in pursue to achieve that they contacted the owners of the vehicle, pick up their vehicle for servicing and provided a courtesy car. And after servicing their vehicle they would wash the vehicle, fill up the fuel and return it to the customers as a good will gesture. Customer service of such intense level was made achievable by the help of Toyota Motor Sale’s Corporate Information System. This system was accessed and processed by Toyota’s call centre in Iowa to provide customers with warranty, roadside assistance, prepaid maintenance etc. This was all done in order to assure high quality customer service, boost up sales and profits and achieve organisational targets. Problems Occurred: But in 1998, Toyota Motor Sales USA (TMS) came across a data administration problem when they started issuing cheques for more that $400 to customers who never owned a Lexus or either they owned it before. This problem is a worst nightmare for any company because nobody would want to throw money like this. Luckily one of the cheques made its way to the Toyota’s auditor who was the previous owner of a Lexus. It was only then when they realised they are facing a failure with Corporate Customer Information System. This was a technical problem which should have been fixed earlier and it occurred because of the overloaded system because information systems have a limited capacity to store the data. If data exceed the provided limit it is obvious that it will crash. Another cause of the problem was the sensitiveness of the software by placing the right data in the wrong place. But unfortunately this was not only the problem they were also dealing with the shortage of time because they wanted minimise the duration of time to solve a particular query. Because the Customer Information System which Toyota Motor Sales USA was working under the principle of logical organisation. ‘Logical Organisation Integrates data from several different locations and is how the user sees the data’. (McLeod, Raymond-Management Information Systems, 1998) The data inside the system was stored in 14/15 different locations across the company and it was used to solve the customer’s query and for that call centre staff members had to open 4 or 5 different application to access the customers details from the database. This process was very much time taking because customer had to wait on the telephone so that call centre staff can access their data before the query is being solved. This was a bad impression for the customers because Toyota Lexus claimed gold plated service. Another problem they had to face was to increase the number of staff because to access the customer’s data was a time taking process so they needed more personnel to assist the customers with their queries. Decisions Taken: Finally, after realising the seriousness of the issue the President of Toyota Motors insisted for a centralised database management, with all customers’ records being stored in a single database. Although it seems to be a very easy task to collect all the records from different locations and then compiling it in a single database, but it was not as simple and easy for Toyota because it involved a series of data management processes. Firstly, they had to collect all the data they wanted because all the data was not accurate which resulted in wrong posting of cheques. The verification of the data was very essential because in order to assure the correct output of the new system which filters out the current information system was needed. The concept of the ‘Garbage in and Garbage out’ can be highlighted in this stage because wrong input produces wrong output. So they needed to store the genuine and verified data in some storage device which could be used as an initial input for the new system, adding some new data’s if needed, enacting the data from any destruction and then finally arranging the data for an easy and friendly access to its users. Another problem which Toyota was facing was that the volume of calls to its call centres was increasing and they didn’t wanted to increase the staff so the started looking for a business intelligence system but it could be either expensive to implement or was not suitable to fit for the company. But then, John Gonzales, the data quality manager for Toyota Motor Sales USA, saw a presentation in a conference which showed Informatica’s data extracting, transforming and loading software. The purpose the software was to pull data from multiple sources and then compiling it into central data warehouse. The representatives of Informatica’s were invited by Toyota Motor Sales USA, to present a proof of test and assure that software fits the company requirements. The representatives presented an abstract model of the software in which they showed the aspects that how can this software cover all the needs of categorising data and relationship between elements of data. Hence they presented a detailed and effective model of the future. And at last, software was executed and Toyota discovered solution to the dilemma. The important factor which influenced Toyota to purchase that software was the friendly usage. It’s very important for any organisation to make sure the user friendliness of any software before purchasing it because if the staffs are having difficulties to use it then it’s not worth while. Another factor which should be taken care of is that employees find difficulties in indulging themselves into any changes which directly affects their way of doing things. And these difficulties can be assisted if the change implemented is fair to everyone and that was suitably considered by Toyota as they introduced software which can handle the complexity of the data with easy access for his employees. So by the end of April 1999, Toyota had their new Informatica’s Power Mart Installed and ready to go. But this was not the end of dilemma; in fact it was the beginning of a new challenge as further six months were assumed to be needed in order to exchange the data as it was necessary to assure the correct output. Further going on, Toyota experienced many discrepancies in the databases relating to the vehicles, motors and addresses. All these discrepancies had to be removed before executing the software. Hence there were millions of records to be checked before entering it into to new system. So in order to rectify that Toyota used outside resources, in some cases the Department of Motor Vehicles was asked for the details and in some cases they called there customers on the phone to remove any possible errors. Hence, upon the successful completion of the project, Toyota enjoyed a data warehouse which can hold data up to 250 gigabytes and this whole project cost them approximately $250 million. But Toyota believes that it was a wise decision and that considerable amount of money was suitably invested. Because of that they avoided extensive call centre operations and their sales rocketed from 750,000 to 1. 7 million vehicles a year. If they wouldn’t have upgraded themselves they would have desperately required more man power to handle customer queries. So concluding, it is understood that new software really helped Toyota to reduce their cost of business and now they pride themselves for being loyal to their customers and that investment was well done. Conclusion: It can be concluded from the above case study, that; Accurate Database Administration is important for an organisation specially when handling multiple and huge data’s Toyota should have monitored the Corporate Customer Information Systems on regular basis. Holding data at 15 different locations was not a good action. Their Corporate Customer Information System was not efficient because it was taking too much time to access the records. There were no checks on the incorrect data which resulted in wrong posti ng of the cheques Before making any changes analysis should be done either these changes are going to fit the organisational needs. Although a considerable amount of $250 million was invested for this project but it was worth while. Results: The decision to introduce a centralised database management system was a wise as it reduced the length of duration to process data. Extra care was taken before the purchase of Informatica’s Power Mart as they ran proof test for it and it was made sure it was easy to use. Less time was taken to answer customer queries when Informatica’s Power Mart was used. Increased customer satisfaction which increased the sales volume. Life made easy for the employees as they no longer needed to open 4 or 5 windows to access data’s. Reduced business cost as they avoided spending money on extension of call centre extensions. $250 Million investment was well don’t by Toyota. Recommendations: Garbage data should be allowed to filter ou t from the system on daily basis. Only useful data should be allowed to enter the Information system. Random checks should be done to avoid any discrepancies Centralised database is a good idea to speed up the data processing. Regular backing up should be assured for the important data’s Back should be saved in a separate location if in case system crashes. Proper staff training should be given to handle complex data’s and usage of system. Data should be prohibited from unwanted access and any other misuse. Detailed analysis should be done before purchasing any new information system. References: Gallagher, Sean Baseline, June 2002 McLeod, Raymond Management Information Systems, 1998 Bibliography: personneltoday. com/Articles/2007/04/10/40089/the-elegant-solution-toyotas-formula-for-mastering-innovation-book. html Gallagher, Sean Baseline, June 2002 McLeod, Raymond Management Information Systems, 1998

Free Essays on A Letter 2 Santa

A Letter To Santa Snowflakes softly falling Upon your window they play Your blankets snug around you, Into sleep you drift away. I bend to gently kiss you, when I see that on the floor there's a letter, neatly written I wonder who it's for. I quietly unfold it making sure you're still asleep, It's a Christmas list for Santa one my heart will always keep. It started just as always with the toys seen on TV, A new watch for your father and a winter coat for me. But as my eyes read on I could see that deep inside there were many things you wished for that your loving heart would hide. You asked if your friend Molly could have another Dad; It seems her father hits her and it makes you very sad. Then you asked dear Santa if the neighbors down the street Could find a job, that he might have some food, and clothes, and heat. You saw a family on the news whose house had blown away, "Dear Santa, send them just one thing, a place where they can stay." "And Santa, those four cookies that I left you for a treat, Could you take them to the children who have nothing else to eat." "Do you know that little bear I have the one I love so dear? I'm leaving it for you to take to Africa this year". "And as you fly your reindeer on this night of Jesus' birth, Could your magic bring to everyone goodwill and peace on earth". "There's one last thing before you go, so grateful I would be, If you'd smile at Baby Jesus in the manger by our tree." I pulled the letter close to me' I felt it melt my heart. Those tiny hands had written what no other could impart. "And a little child shall lead them," was whispered in my ear As I watched you sleep on Christmas Eve while Santa Claus was here.... Free Essays on A Letter 2 Santa Free Essays on A Letter 2 Santa A Letter To Santa Snowflakes softly falling Upon your window they play Your blankets snug around you, Into sleep you drift away. I bend to gently kiss you, when I see that on the floor there's a letter, neatly written I wonder who it's for. I quietly unfold it making sure you're still asleep, It's a Christmas list for Santa one my heart will always keep. It started just as always with the toys seen on TV, A new watch for your father and a winter coat for me. But as my eyes read on I could see that deep inside there were many things you wished for that your loving heart would hide. You asked if your friend Molly could have another Dad; It seems her father hits her and it makes you very sad. Then you asked dear Santa if the neighbors down the street Could find a job, that he might have some food, and clothes, and heat. You saw a family on the news whose house had blown away, "Dear Santa, send them just one thing, a place where they can stay." "And Santa, those four cookies that I left you for a treat, Could you take them to the children who have nothing else to eat." "Do you know that little bear I have the one I love so dear? I'm leaving it for you to take to Africa this year". "And as you fly your reindeer on this night of Jesus' birth, Could your magic bring to everyone goodwill and peace on earth". "There's one last thing before you go, so grateful I would be, If you'd smile at Baby Jesus in the manger by our tree." I pulled the letter close to me' I felt it melt my heart. Those tiny hands had written what no other could impart. "And a little child shall lead them," was whispered in my ear As I watched you sleep on Christmas Eve while Santa Claus was here....

Analysis of The Effects of Globalisation Research Paper

Analysis of The Effects of Globalisation - Research Paper Example According to (Giddens 2001), globalization is "the growing interdependence between different people, regions, and countries in the world as social and economic relationships come to stretch worldwide". The International Forum on Globalization defines it as, "the present worldwide drive toward a globalized economic system dominated by supranational corporate trade and banking institutions that are not accountable to democratic processes or national governments." (Rosenberg 2000) defines "The term 'globalization' after all, is at first sight merely a descriptive category, denoting either the geographical extension of social processes or possibly, as in Giddens' definition, 'the intensification of worldwide social relations'." According to the (World Bank Brief 2000) globalization gained pace in the 1980s and 1990s, with the advancements in information technology, transportation, and global communications. These include improved telecommunications, the Internet and faster world travel, to name a few. These technological improvements enabled people to transport goods, services, and knowledge, faster, farther and more reliably. Governments have also adopted more open policies that allow for closer international economic cooperation. All these factors contribute to globalization. Â  In governance and business, many of today's leaders have lost sight of their visions for their organizations because of globalization. Globalization has proceeded throughout history at a fast pace and with uneven intensity. Many organizations have experienced changes due to globalization. They have realized the acceleration once again late in this century, after almost 50 years of regression. More and more, national economies today integrated into single global markets through trade, finance, production, and a dense web of international treaties and institutions. My research will explore the relationship between the different elements that are associated with the new developments of globalization. Â  My study on this topic uses historical and descriptive analysis, which I considered more of a qualitative research approach to the study of globalization. In using this method, I found that it helps to trace the roots of the research problem and its effect on the present debate about globalization. At the same time, it helps to explore the relationship between the different elements that are associated with the contemporary developments of globalization.

The influence of Hip Hop culture on middle eastern youth Essay

The influence of Hip Hop culture on middle eastern youth - Essay Example The consequent influence of hip hop culture on Middle East youth seeps into religion and society through the music. The hip hop culture offers a harmonious contradiction of values for Middle East youth through dress code, music, image, hip hop artistes, militarism and sexuality.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   From the debut of hip hop in the 1960's through the Civil Rights Movement, proponents of Afro-centric culture were either sworn Muslims or had Muslim sympathies. Malcolm X aka el-Hajj Malik el-Shabazz, Amiri Baraka, Muhammad Ali, Elijah Muhammad, Talib Kweli, Oshea Jackson aka Ice Cube, Snoop Dogg Brad Terrence Jordan aka Scarface, Mos Def, Q-Tip aka Fareed Kamal, Akhenaton, Busta Rhymes, Nas ne Nasir bin Olu Dara Jones and Queen Latifah are a few widely known names. "The best place for a young Black male or female is in the Nation of Islam. (As) soon as we as a people use our knowledge of self to our advantage, we will then be able to be called Blacks" (Decker 53). Here, popular rapper, hip hop representative and professed Muslim, Ice Cube observes the link between cultural identity through Black Nationalism and hip hop. Hip hop is well-known for its violent tendencies and some sects of Islam are notorious for their militancy. The predisposition toward violence and holy war or jihad conveniently fits hip hip within the framework of Islam. Although, hip hop does not belong solely to Blacks, the majority of hip hoppers are of African American origin. â€Å"Hip hop and rap cannot be viewed simply as an expression of African American culture; it has become a vehicle for global youth affiliations and a tool for reworking local identities all over the world" (Mitchell 1). The all-encompassing effect of globalization can be felt in all countries, absorbing all cultures. The phenomenon of the entry of hip hop into Middle East mainstream music is as a result of Black Muslims who proudly celebrated their identities and waged their wars of words both on the stage and the world stage. One of the pioneers of Black Muslim hip hop is the group, Soldiers of Allah, lyrical jihadis who declare, 'The mic is our weapon, our words are our ammunition, and the stage is our battle field.' This is the objective of Muslim hip-hop group, M-Team, which is short for Mujahideen Team (Miah 26). Again the Muslim word warriors highlight the themes of violence, jihadism and holy warfare. The Muslim holy warfare agrees with the hip hop gangster culture which applauds shootings, turf conflicts, and gang wars in urban neighborhoods. Unfortunately, globalization has brought in its trail mostly American hip hop culture; therefore the hip hop dress, the hip hop slang, drug dependency, partying, liberal sex culture, and some the hip hop doctrines become endorsed by the world of listeners. At the same time, hip hop has been frequently used as an open arena to voice social subjects such as  racial identity, racial discrimination, politics, history and religion. Turkey, Saud i Arabia, Iran, Iraq, Syria, Jordan and Yemen are all Middle East countries which shelters an underground hip hop culture. Censorships muffle hip hoppers and rappers to a certain extent; however, the technological breakthrough of the internet broke down and continues to erode walls which block the internet audience from hearing Muslim hip hop lyrics. Owing to the heterogeneous mixture of both the religious and the secular in Muslim hip hop, a new genre of music emerged.   Ã‚   "Youths use hip hop as a cultural repertoire from

Net Present Value and Cash Essay Example for Free

Net Present Value and Cash Essay Need to consider what types and which cash flows should be included in capital budgeting analysis. Damp;D was producing and marketing two major product lines: 1. Lift-Off: Low –suds, concentrated powder. 2. Wave: Traditional powder detergent. Questions amp; Answers: . If you were in Steve Gasper’s place, would you argue to include the cost from market testing as a cash outflow? If I’m Steven Gasper’s I would not include the cost from market testing as a cash outflow. The reason is because the cost from market testing was considered as sunk costs. A sunk cost is an outlay that has already occurred, hence by decision under consideration would not been affected by the costs. Since sunk costs are not incremental cost they should not be included in the analysis. In this case initial cost for Blast, $500,000 for test marketing, which was conducted in the Detroit area and completed in the previous June was consider as a sunk cost and it will not affect Danforth amp; Donnalley Laundry future cash flows regardless of whether or not the new branch is built. 2. What would your opinion be as to how to deal with the question of working capital? Working capital management deals with the management of current assets which are inventories, payroll, and other cash needs and receivables from customers, account receivable, and also procedures financing these assets. In our opinion, have two basic questions involves in working capital policy: (i) What is the appropriate amount of current assets for the firm to carry both in total and for each specific account and (ii) How should current asset be financed. Therefore, the most important element in best buys working capital policy is its inventory management. Refer to the Danforth amp; Donnalley laundry, McDonald suggest to add another $200,000 in working capital, because they estimate this money would never leave the firm and would always be in liquid form, for the first time; it consider outflow but hence inflow. In our opinion, some additional cash is required to conduct operations in Damp;D laundry because additional some cash is needed in order to reserve for some contingency, or as a â€Å"parking place† for funds prior to an acquisition, a major capital investment program, or the like. That concept has been applied to more complex businesses, where it is used to analyze the effectiveness of a firm’s working capital management. Under relaxed current assets policy, Damp;D laundry would hold relatively large amounts of each type of current asset and under a restricted current assets policy; company would hold minimal amounts of these items. Current assets are necessary, but there are costs associated with holding them. Therefore, if Damp;D can manage its current assets more efficiently and thereby operate with smaller investment in working capital; this will increase Damp;D laundry profitability. 3. Would you suggest that the product be charged for the use of excess production facilities and building? Would this opinion change under the hypothetical assumption that needed production facilities for the current line of powdered detergents were at 55 percent of capacity and expected to grow at a rate 20 percent a year and maximum production capacity was 100 percent? What would be the present value of this cash flow given the fact that the currently proposed new plant would involve cash outflows of $5 million in three years (assuming that acceptance of the Blast project would not affect the size of the proposed outlay, only the timing, and that the new plant and facilities would be operable indefinitely). (Hint: Assume that the introduction of Blast would only move the need for a new plant ahead by one year, that the cash outflow would remain at $5 million regardless of when incurred, and that the plant would operate indefinitely. In our opinion, the excess usage of production facilities and building would not be charge into Blast. The reasons of this are:- a) When the machine was bought for Lift-Off productions the cost has been calculated; and b) In obtaining the machine and building for Blast productions no cash payment has been made. Since the production of Blast will occupy current excess capacity, no incremental cash flows are incurred; hence, none should be charged against Blast. Would you suggest that the cash flows resulting from erosion of sales from current laundry detergent products be included as a cash inflow? If there was a chance that competition would introduce a similar product were Damp;D to fail to introduce Blast, would this affect your answer? Yes, it should be treat as an incremental cash flow for the reduction in the sales of the Lift-Off and Wave, referred to as erosion. These lost sales are included because it a cost (a revenue reduction) that the company must bear if it choose to produce the new product (Blast). It will not affect our answer if there was a chance that competition would introduce a similar product at time Damp;D fail to introduce Blast. This happen due to the fact that for constructs cash flow we ignore the competitor effect. 5. If debt is used to finance this project, should the interest payments associated with this new debt be considered cash flows? No. We discount project cash flows with a cost of capital that is the rate of return required by all investors (not just debt holders or stockholders), and so we should discount the total amount of cash flow available to all investors.

Fire in Hinduism, Christianity, and Judaism :: Papers

Fire in Hinduism, Christianity, and Judaism Fire has the capacity to burn everything, and that is why in Hinduism it is can be described by the god Agni. Agni seems to be the creator of everything: "It is Agni, who showers rain, has covered earth with the sky; and O Agni! It is you, who are the creator of everything". Then again Braham can be seen as being the fire in Hinduism, since he is the Supreme Lord. Fire symbolizes the brilliance of the lord; it is purifying; and it stands for effulgence and illumination. It is said that "Braham is Jyotirmaya (full of light)." There exists the Vedic fire ceremony performed by Hindus at all major events of life including birth and coming of age ceremonies, weddings, and funerals, as well as on all major religious holidays. Common to all branches of Hinduism, the fire ceremony is very important in the lives of many Hindus. The god Shiva is surrounded by a circle of firerepresenting samsara, the endless cycle of death and re-birth. The dance of fire is symbolic of the frenetic movement of the universe. In Christianity, fire is used to move from evil to good. It is one of the most expressive and most ancient of the liturgical symbols. The sun as a principle of heat and light for the earth is a symbol of the divinity that enlightens and warms humanity. The following is a prayer relating God with fire: "Lord God, Almighty Father, inextinguishable light, Who hast created all light, bless this light sanctified and blessed by thee, Who has enlightened the whole world; make us enlightened by the light and inflamed with the fire of Thy Brightness; and as Thou didst enlighten Moses when he went out of Egypt, so illuminate our hearts and senses that we may attain life and light everlasting through Christ out Lord. Amen." (http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06079a.htm) God is always represented with fire, usually with a lit candle. Fire is mentioned in the New Testament, in Luke 3:16, "John answered all of

Discussion Assignment On Learning Styles And Gagnes Theory

The Divergers take the experiences and they think profoundly about them, the diverging from a lone experience to the multiple possibilities is in footings of what it might intend. And they are like to inquire the inquiry ‘why ‘ , and they will get down from the item to the constructive work which is up to the large image. They besides enjoy in take parting and in working with the others but they are like a composure of the ship and they fret over the struggles. The Divergers are usually influenced by the other citizens and them like in having a constructive type of feedbacks. The Divergers like to larn through the logical direction or by the hands-one geographic expedition with the conversations which will take to the find. ( Rickettes )Convergers:The convergers consider about the things and so merely seek out in their thoughts in order to see if they can work in pattern. They ever like to inquire the inquiry ‘how ‘ about the state of affairss, they have good understanding of the things as how effects work in pattern. The convergers like the facts and they will seek to do the things efficient in doing minute and cautious alterations. They wish to work with themselves, they believing really carefully and like moving really autonomously. The Convergers learn through the interaction and have a computer-based instruction which is more efficient than the other methods learned by them.Accomodators:The obligers have most of the hands-on the attacks, with a brawny preference which is for making instead than for believing. They all like to inquire the inquiry ‘what if? ‘ and besides ‘why non? ‘ in order to back up their action-for their first attack. Convergers do non like the modus operandi and will take artistic hazards in order to see what is traveling to go on. They really much like to research the complexness by the direct interface and to larn healthier by them than with the other peoples. As they might be anticipati ng this because they like their custodies to be in the practical acquisition ‘s instead than on the talks.Learners:The learners are holding the most cognitive type of attacks ; they prefer to believe than to move. Learners like to inquire the inquiries like ‘What is at that place I can cognize? ‘ and they like the organized and the structured type of apprehensions. The learners prefer the talks for larning and with the procedure of presentations where it is possible, and it will be esteeming the cognition of the experts. Learners will besides be larning through the conversations that will take a logical and a thoughtful type of attack. So it is really much clear for how to plan the plans for these types. The designing of theseA developing programsA can be undertaken merely when there is a clear construct for the preparation of the aims which has been formed. The readying aims is clears to what the end has to be gained till the stoping of the preparation plans that is what the trainees are to be unsurprising to be able to finish at the stoping of their preparation programs.A The preparation objectivesA ever help the trainers for the designing of the preparation of the plans. The different schemes should be laid down for the different sorts of the trainees for those who are believing in theories should hold those sort of plans and the scholars who believe in practical cognition for them patterns should be organized and the overall decisions which comes is that the cantonments should hold an overall plan procedure which should get down from theories to the patterns. ( Kirkpatrick ‘s foour-level preparation rating theoretical account, 2010 )Learning spheres:First of all, Gagne ‘s theory does supply a great trade of valuable information to instructors and the trainers. The celebrated Robert Gagne ‘s had a theory for the direction that has provided a immense whole number of cherished thoughts to the instructional the interior decorators, the trainers, and the instructors but it truly really utile to everyone during all times. Driscoll has broken the Gagne ‘s theory into three major or countries which are the taxonomy for the larning ty pe of results, the conditions of acquisition, and the events of learning Harmonizing to my belief it is the most appealing manner for those trainees or the trainers who may be really early in their instruction callings and now they are in the demand of the construction for their session sort of programs and holding a holistic sight of their instruction or for the development of the preparation plans. The given sort of theory is in really methodical and inflexible at the bulk of the points. However, by the methodical environment of the hypothesis it may be like a turn-off for many of the preparation plans, and peculiarly for all those developing plans which are like to be originative. ( Kirkpatrick ‘s four degree of rating )Gagne ‘s TheoryAs earlier explained the Gagne ‘s theory of the instruction is normally wrecked into the three Fieldss. The first one of these Fieldss is discussed under the terminology of the larning type of results. The Gagne ‘s taxonomy f or the instruction type of results is like slightly comparable with the Bloom ‘s taxonomy type of the cognitive, emotional, and the psychomotor outcomes where some of the taxonomies were projected by theory of Bloom, but in fact it is completed by the others. Gagne supposed that it was important to nail down the worlds who learned the capablenesss into the classs or the spheres. The gagne ‘s taxonomy is dwelling of the five classs for the educational consequences like the verbal type of information, the rational sort of accomplishments, the cognitive type of schemes, the attitudes, and the motor accomplishments. Gagne with the aid of Briggs and Wager in the year1992 clarified that each of these classs had leads to the different categories of the human public presentation under the counsel plans. Indispensable to the Gagne ‘s thoughts of the direction where he calls the â€Å" conditions of the acquisition ‘s † and he differentiated these thoughts into the internal and the external type of fortunes. The 1 with the internal fortunes trade with earlier erudite accomplishments of the scholar. In the other words, it can be said that what the novice knows old to the preparation plans. The present external fortunes have to cover with the strictly behaviouristic type of term that is presented externally to the novice. For illustration: What sort of instructions is provided to the trainee? So there were the procedures or the ways by which Robert classified the result system. And all his procedure is really relevant in developing the preparation plans. So we can reason that Gagne had a immense and huge part in the development of the preparation plans. ( Cunningham, 1996 )Training Evaluation:Kirkpatrick ‘s four degree theoretical accounts for the rating of the preparation plans are:Level One – Chemical reaction:As the word itself implies, that the rating at this degree measures for how the scholars do respond with the preparation plans. The degree is really frequently measured by the attitude of questionnaires that are approved out after the most of the preparation categories. This degree of it measures one thing that is the scholar ‘s perceptual experience or the reaction for the classs. The scholars are really frequently keenly cognizant for what they require to necessitate to cognize in order to carry through the undertakings. If this plan fails to satisfy their demands, so a finding should be completed as to whether it ‘s the duty of the plan program or release. ( Four acquisition manners, 2011 ) This degree is non merely declarative for the preparation ‘s presentation of the possible as it do non mensurate what the new accomplishments does the scholars have gained or what they will hold to larn so that it will reassign back to the working type of milieus. This has lead to do some of the judges for the down drama of its values. The involvement, motive and the attending of the participants which are frequently really critical with the success of any of the preparation procedure which the people frequently learn enhanced when they respond positively to the instruction environment by sing the significance of it. ( Using kolb ‘s acquisition manners to better a lesson, 2011 )Level Two – Learning:This is the lone extent at which the participants have alteration in the attitudes, with improved cognition, and their addition in the accomplishment as an consequence of engagement in the cognition procedure or in the cantonments. It to boot addresses this inquiry thatA did the people who were participants learned anything? A This acquisition of the rating requires some of the types of post-testing in order to determine with what sort of accomplishments were erudite during the clip of preparation. And in add-on, to the post-testing it is merely valid until combined with the pre-testing, so that the trainees can separate between what they antecedently knew predating to the preparation plans and what they have really learned in the preparation plan. ( Condition of larning ) In measurement of the acquisition ‘s that have taken topographic point in a preparation program is really of import in array to authenticate the acquisition of the aims. The rating of the acquisition that has taken topographic point will typically concentrate on such type of inquiries as: What sort of cognition was gained? ( Lacin, 2011 ) What type of accomplishments were enhanced or developed? What attitudes were to be changed? ( Robert ‘s Gagne ‘s Instructional Design Approach, 2011 ) The scholar appraisals are to be created in order to let the judgements which are to be made for the scholar ‘s capablenesss of the public presentation. There have been two parts for this type of procedure foremost the fold of the information or the grounds which is the testing of the scholar and in the judgement of the information like what does this information represent. The assessment should non be puzzled withA the rating. The appraisal is all about for the advancement and the accomplishments of the entity scholars, while the rating is all about the acquisition of the plan as a whole. ( Gagne )Level Three – Performance ( behavior ) :This type of rating fundamentally involves in the testing of the pupils capablenesss to put to death the erudite accomplishments during the occupation to a certain extent than in the schoolroom. The degree three ratings could be performed really officially proving or which are informally in the surveillance. It so determines that if ther e is right public presentation now go oning by replying of the inquiries ( david a. kolb on experiental acquisition, 2001 ) â€Å" Do people utilize their freshly acquired acquisition ‘s on the occupation? † While in the Kirkpatrick ‘s alone four-levels of the rating, the names for this degree of public presentation but the behaviour is the lone action that is done, while in the concluding consequence of this behaviour it is the public presentation. ( The kirkpatrick four degrees: A fresh expression after 50 old ages 1959-2009, 2009 ) The public presentations have two facets foremost the public presentation being the gross and its consequence being the terminal. If the one traveling to form the preparation were merely concerned about the behavioural type facet, so it could merely be done when in the preparation milieus. The result of the actions or the public presentation is what people are really after and the inquiry is â€Å" can the scholars now execute and produce the wanted consequences in the operational environment? † ( Reiser, 2005 )Level Four – Consequences:This is the concluding consequences that occur. It merely measures the preparation plans and its effectivity, that is, â€Å" What type of impact has the preparation achieved? † These impacts can be taken in history of such points such as the pecuniary, the efficiency, its moral, the teamwork, etc. ( Training Design, 2007 ) As we have moved from degree one to the degree four, so the appraisal procedure becomes more and more difficult and tarriance ; nevertheless, if the higher degree provides the information that is of bit by bit more important value. But possibly the most regularly type of measuring is the level-on. It ‘s vitamin E because it is the easiest manner to mensurate, but yet it provides the slightest valuable informations. Measurement of the consequences that affect the association is frequently significantly trickier, therefore it is conducted fewer often, even though it yields the bulk cherished information. ( Kirkpatrick ‘s acquisition and trainign rating theory, 2009 ) So, all these steps helped a batch in the preparation plans. ( Kolb larning manner, 2010 )

Nutrition Assessment

Body mass index (IBM) is an index of a person's weight in relation to height used to estimate relative risk of health problems related to weight, a healthy body mass index is 18. 5 to 24. 9. My calculated IBM is 22. 5 which puts myself in the healthy weight range. The Hammy method calculates a person's ideal weight for their height. According to the Hammy method ideal weight for my height of 65 inches is 125 to 137 pounds (Duke, 2014). I weigh 135 pounds which barely places my weight in the ideal range.After recording my daily intake of food, I compared my consumption to the DOD pyramid which shows the recommended servings of each food group. According to the food pyramid, milk, yogurt, and the cheese group recommend 2-3 servings a day. My diary shows that my consumption of this food group varies. There are days that I would consume more than the recommended amount and other days I would consume within the normal range. My consumption of meat, fish, nuts, eggs, and poultry are within the recommended 2-3 servings.My consumption of fruits and vegetables are shown to be insufficient. Ironically, I love fruits and vegetables, but I do not have it in my daily diet as I should. For the bread, cereal, rice, and pasta group are shown to be within the recommended 3-5 servings daily. I have realized that when I eat foods with less carbohydrates and fats, I feel healthier on the inside and out. When I do eat foods that contain high fats and crabs it is as if I can feel the oils ad fat going through my body, which makes me fatigue and drowsy .When I eat sweets and pastries, I first feel the sugar rush and feel awake, but after a few hours I feel the crash and decreased ability to concentrate on tasks. When I eat vegetables and small portions of foods with high carbohydrates and more greens I feel happy, energetic, healthy, and alert (Choose My Plate, 2014). Being a student has a lot to do with my daily decision of what I eat because it is usually has to be quick and on the go, instead of eating a prepared meal with a consideration of daily nutrients, I Just eat what I can afford if I am out, or grab snacks from home.Luckily I can come home to prepared meals by my mother, but being Armenian, my culture has an influence on what we eat. In my culture, meats, food high in cholesterol and sodium are very common. Our main dishes almost all include meats. On a brighter note, the Armenian culture also has a variety of tasty salads with healthy grains, one specifically known as tabulate and ICC. In order to eat the healthier foods, I can take the time to pack a lunch to take with me with choosing the healthier choices of food in my fridge at home.At home, I can refrain from adding extra salt to my food or extra sauces such as ranch or mayonnaise to prepared sandwiches as well as moderate my intake of high fat and high Carr meals. Two strengths of mine is knowing I have the ability and will to eat in moderation and the ability to fight the temptation of eating Junk food. I use to weigh 25 pounds more than I do now, and I motivated myself to cut crabs and calories and incorporated exercising in the regimen and earned my results which is another strength of mine.My weakness is not putting in the effort to prepare healthy meals for the days I know I will be spending most of my day outside of home, this is when I tend to make the unhealthiest choices of foods to eat. Another weakness of mine, is not eating proportionally throughout the day, Vive learned that I usually do not eat until I am starving and then have a big meal, which is extremely bad for your body diabolism. My diet plan will consist of whole grains, fresh fruits and vegetables, healthy fats, and lean sources of protein to provide plenty of energy and lifelong health and weight control.Exercise is also an essential to add to my diet plan because I have had a sedentary lifestyle ever since I started the nursing program. My overall health a IBM are normal, but through this assignm ent I learned that if I do not make a change in my eating habits I will be on the path to developing health problems in my later years. I learned it is important to prevent health and nutrition imbalances from occurring, than trying to fix them after a health issue has arisen. When the body suffers develops a health issues, it won't be restored back the same.Here are my goals and implementations to improve on my nutrition, as well as the obstacles I will encounter: 1) Pre-pack my lunch for days I will spend most my time outside of home. I will prepare my meals the night before so they are ready to go in case I am running short on time. An obstacle for this goal is having to shop more often for my healthier choices of meals, rather than eating something prepared at mom that may not be as nutritious. 2) Read food labels and monitor my daily intake. I will record my intake of food into an application on my phone called My Fitness Pal.An obstacle with this goal is trying not to forget t o do so. 3) If I must give into sweet cravings, I must exercise for an hour within 48 hours. I will go to the gym at least twice a week. An obstacle with this goal is the ability to managing my time to incorporate exercise. Day 1: I had my cereal and milk with a cookie when I had woken up from my sleep. I ate this because I was craving something sweet. I ate a veggie urge for lunch at Everest with my mom. I had almonds as a snack at home while I was studying. I ate it because I wanted to have a snack before I studied with my coffee.I ate salmon for dinner because that was what my mother had prepared and I was at home. I later had my protein bar when I was at home while studying. Day 2: I had cereal in the morning when I woke up because this is m normal routine. I later ate rice pudding and had a cup of coffee around noon to begin to study. I had my oatmeal at school because I was hungry. Later I snacked on some fried at my friend's house. For dinner I went out with my boyfriend to C heesecake Factory and had fettuccine Alfred. Day 3: I woke up and had a granola bar and orange Juice to start my day.I had an Armenian dish called karmic pilaf, chicken kabob, and baked potato for lunch at home to spend time with my parents. Later while studying I had rice pudding and a granola bar at my classmates house for a study snack. For dinner I went out on a date with my boyfriend to Friday's restaurant and had a lime margarita with two fish tacos because they are my favorite choices there. Day 4: I had a cereal in the morning to start my day. I took my dog out to the park for a walk and grabbed a granola bar for a snack. For lunch, I had cup of noodles because I was on the go.I took a bag of strawberries and turkey sandwich with me to school as a snack. For dinner I had lentil soup and had black tea while I was studying. Day 5: In the morning I had yogurt and coffee before heading out to pick up my grandpa. I later had coffee to wake me up so I can begin studying. For lunch I was at home and ate chicken and rice because that was what my mother had prepared. Later I went over to my cousins house and had salted popcorn and pizza and watched a movie. Day 6: In the morning I had cereal and coffee at home.I went to my friends house to study and took with me oatmeal and rice pudding as well as aloe Juice to have as a snack. I ate these because I was craving sweets. Later that night for dinner I prepared a homemade meal of fettuccine Alfred. I had some more coffee to continue studying. Day 7: I woke up and had a granola bar. For lunch I went to a coffee shop to study and had a cup of noodle and some fruit. Later for dinner I had a buffalo wild wings with my boyfriend and as a dessert had honeydew frozen yogurt from Yogurts. Nutrition Assessment Body mass index (IBM) is an index of a person's weight in relation to height used to estimate relative risk of health problems related to weight, a healthy body mass index is 18. 5 to 24. 9. My calculated IBM is 22. 5 which puts myself in the healthy weight range. The Hammy method calculates a person's ideal weight for their height. According to the Hammy method ideal weight for my height of 65 inches is 125 to 137 pounds (Duke, 2014). I weigh 135 pounds which barely places my weight in the ideal range.After recording my daily intake of food, I compared my consumption to the DOD pyramid which shows the recommended servings of each food group. According to the food pyramid, milk, yogurt, and the cheese group recommend 2-3 servings a day. My diary shows that my consumption of this food group varies. There are days that I would consume more than the recommended amount and other days I would consume within the normal range. My consumption of meat, fish, nuts, eggs, and poultry are within the recommended 2-3 servings.My consumption of fruits and vegetables are shown to be insufficient. Ironically, I love fruits and vegetables, but I do not have it in my daily diet as I should. For the bread, cereal, rice, and pasta group are shown to be within the recommended 3-5 servings daily. I have realized that when I eat foods with less carbohydrates and fats, I feel healthier on the inside and out. When I do eat foods that contain high fats and crabs it is as if I can feel the oils ad fat going through my body, which makes me fatigue and drowsy .When I eat sweets and pastries, I first feel the sugar rush and feel awake, but after a few hours I feel the crash and decreased ability to concentrate on tasks. When I eat vegetables and small portions of foods with high carbohydrates and more greens I feel happy, energetic, healthy, and alert (Choose My Plate, 2014). Being a student has a lot to do with my daily decision of what I eat because it is usually has to be quick and on the go, instead of eating a prepared meal with a consideration of daily nutrients, I Just eat what I can afford if I am out, or grab snacks from home.Luckily I can come home to prepared meals by my mother, but being Armenian, my culture has an influence on what we eat. In my culture, meats, food high in cholesterol and sodium are very common. Our main dishes almost all include meats. On a brighter note, the Armenian culture also has a variety of tasty salads with healthy grains, one specifically known as tabulate and ICC. In order to eat the healthier foods, I can take the time to pack a lunch to take with me with choosing the healthier choices of food in my fridge at home.At home, I can refrain from adding extra salt to my food or extra sauces such as ranch or mayonnaise to prepared sandwiches as well as moderate my intake of high fat and high Carr meals. Two strengths of mine is knowing I have the ability and will to eat in moderation and the ability to fight the temptation of eating Junk food. I use to weigh 25 pounds more than I do now, and I motivated myself to cut crabs and calories and incorporated exercising in the regimen and earned my results which is another strength of mine.My weakness is not putting in the effort to prepare healthy meals for the days I know I will be spending most of my day outside of home, this is when I tend to make the unhealthiest choices of foods to eat. Another weakness of mine, is not eating proportionally throughout the day, Vive learned that I usually do not eat until I am starving and then have a big meal, which is extremely bad for your body diabolism. My diet plan will consist of whole grains, fresh fruits and vegetables, healthy fats, and lean sources of protein to provide plenty of energy and lifelong health and weight control.Exercise is also an essential to add to my diet plan because I have had a sedentary lifestyle ever since I started the nursing program. My overall health a IBM are normal, but through this assignm ent I learned that if I do not make a change in my eating habits I will be on the path to developing health problems in my later years. I learned it is important to prevent health and nutrition imbalances from occurring, than trying to fix them after a health issue has arisen. When the body suffers develops a health issues, it won't be restored back the same.Here are my goals and implementations to improve on my nutrition, as well as the obstacles I will encounter: 1) Pre-pack my lunch for days I will spend most my time outside of home. I will prepare my meals the night before so they are ready to go in case I am running short on time. An obstacle for this goal is having to shop more often for my healthier choices of meals, rather than eating something prepared at mom that may not be as nutritious. 2) Read food labels and monitor my daily intake. I will record my intake of food into an application on my phone called My Fitness Pal.An obstacle with this goal is trying not to forget t o do so. 3) If I must give into sweet cravings, I must exercise for an hour within 48 hours. I will go to the gym at least twice a week. An obstacle with this goal is the ability to managing my time to incorporate exercise. Day 1: I had my cereal and milk with a cookie when I had woken up from my sleep. I ate this because I was craving something sweet. I ate a veggie urge for lunch at Everest with my mom. I had almonds as a snack at home while I was studying. I ate it because I wanted to have a snack before I studied with my coffee.I ate salmon for dinner because that was what my mother had prepared and I was at home. I later had my protein bar when I was at home while studying. Day 2: I had cereal in the morning when I woke up because this is m normal routine. I later ate rice pudding and had a cup of coffee around noon to begin to study. I had my oatmeal at school because I was hungry. Later I snacked on some fried at my friend's house. For dinner I went out with my boyfriend to C heesecake Factory and had fettuccine Alfred. Day 3: I woke up and had a granola bar and orange Juice to start my day.I had an Armenian dish called karmic pilaf, chicken kabob, and baked potato for lunch at home to spend time with my parents. Later while studying I had rice pudding and a granola bar at my classmates house for a study snack. For dinner I went out on a date with my boyfriend to Friday's restaurant and had a lime margarita with two fish tacos because they are my favorite choices there. Day 4: I had a cereal in the morning to start my day. I took my dog out to the park for a walk and grabbed a granola bar for a snack. For lunch, I had cup of noodles because I was on the go.I took a bag of strawberries and turkey sandwich with me to school as a snack. For dinner I had lentil soup and had black tea while I was studying. Day 5: In the morning I had yogurt and coffee before heading out to pick up my grandpa. I later had coffee to wake me up so I can begin studying. For lunch I was at home and ate chicken and rice because that was what my mother had prepared. Later I went over to my cousins house and had salted popcorn and pizza and watched a movie. Day 6: In the morning I had cereal and coffee at home.I went to my friends house to study and took with me oatmeal and rice pudding as well as aloe Juice to have as a snack. I ate these because I was craving sweets. Later that night for dinner I prepared a homemade meal of fettuccine Alfred. I had some more coffee to continue studying. Day 7: I woke up and had a granola bar. For lunch I went to a coffee shop to study and had a cup of noodle and some fruit. Later for dinner I had a buffalo wild wings with my boyfriend and as a dessert had honeydew frozen yogurt from Yogurts.

Crossing the Line essays

Crossing the Line essays What creates controversy? Controversy is caused when an idea or a thought contradicts the traditional social norms. But without ideas, we would not be where we are today. Art has seen so much metamorphosis that comparing classical art and contemporary art one sees drastic differences. Thus innovation and recreation has become almost obligatory to maintain arts fluidity. Controversial art is merely a terminology for original and creative thinking. Art is not a crime. Art should cross the line. It exists to provoke thought and controversy. Throughout history, when society was conservative, among the first to be attacked are artistic institutions. Literature, music, art, cries of, "pornography," "values," and "taste". Without these aspects then art would be monotonous. Controversial artist making headlines is, Chris Cooper, better known as, Coop. Coop is probably best known to America as the artist responsible for an embarrassing painting of a pair of naked women, represented as female devils engaging in graphic, explicit lesbian sex. The painting involving carnal pleasures between two women became the cover of the recent Lords of Acid album, Voodoo-U. The painting had also caused a national debate involving pornography and art. Coop's art, especially through his theme of a sexual woman as a devil, is misogynistic explaining that such vivid thoughts of sexuality could not come across a womans mind. This caused much uproar in the conservative and ignorant societys as it challenged every aspect of decent human society. Coop treads the same turf as Manet did in, "The Olympia," and Duchamp did with, "Le Voyeur," paintings that in their time stirred controversy to the censors as well, and inspired debates that have forced untold millions to question their beliefs, and the society that taught them. Thanks to controversial artists like Coop, Manet and Duchamp the debate concerning pornography and art will continue, a...

Professional Tips to Improve Your Literary Analysis Writing

Professional Tips to Improve Your Literary Analysis Writing Short and Easy Guide for Writing a Literary Analysis Many students dislike writing literary analysis and see no point in doing this. However, the task is a great practice for developing an analytical intuition and critical thinking. No matter what your teacher asks you to write: a short paragraph that explains some facts about a piece of literature or an analytical essay that consists of several pages, your preparation shall start from understanding the aim of the work. Reading a book, a novel or a poem, we accept the text as a whole. In other words, we see a completed imaginary picture. However, if we start to think about the written words more carefully and analyze each sentence, phrase or even a word, we may see a lot of information that is not very obvious, however, is interesting and valuable to a reader. Literary analysis is just like reading between lines. It allows us to see another side of written information and great shades of its meaning. In the beginning it may sound boring to you, however, later you may even find it interesting and intriguing. How to Read a Text for Literary Analysis Any analysis starts with reading the text that you are going to analyze. However, this time try to read the text more thoughtfully, finding answers to the following questions: What is the message the author wanted to share intentionally? Usually, it’s the easiest question to answer. You have just to read the text and to understand the information it gives. What is the true personality of the main characters? This question needs careful thinking. Try not only to notice direct descriptions of the characters but also to analyze their actions and the conditions that influenced them. Sometimes you may even discover real-life prototypes of the literary characters or those real-life figures that donated their features to the novel heroes. Why the author chose certain writing means and ways? Creating a poem or a novel, authors are trying to choose the size, tone, and language that would help to create the most appropriate atmosphere for the described event. Very often we do not notice these methods. However, if we look deeper, we will see the great work that stands behind each literary masterpiece. Moreover, sometimes an author may use special elements unintentionally. However, these elements may reveal some additional information about an author’s attitude to the described events or characters. What a Literary Analysis Is Developing a clear understanding of what literary analysis is, you will find the best way of analyzing the texts. In fact, literary analysis is an essay that helps to understand a piece of literature in a better and deeper way. It may be aimed at analyzing the whole text or understanding some characters or events described in the text. No matter which type of literary work you are supposed to analyze, the methods that are used for that will be the same or will slightly differ. In order to make your literary analysis detailed and informative, you shall start with separating a text on some parts and elements to work with each of them. Analyzing text, you shall pay attention to those elements that are less obvious, for example: the connection between the main information that an author wanted to express and the methods and words that were chosen for expressing it; the connection between the plot and the sub-plot of a literary work; the connection between the described events and the reality of the author. Sometimes it’s also wise to learn more about the author himself, trying to understand the personality and the possible mood of the writer. You may discover a lot of elements that could be influenced by some events from the childhood of the author, reflection of his political or moral views, etc. A Short Definition of Literary Analysis Literary Analysis is a detailed and complex analysis of elements and expressive methods that are used by an author for discovering and defining their effects on a reader and their role for expressing the main idea of the text. The literary analysis concentrates on a theme, topic, characters, plot, methods, and devices created or chosen by an author. Structure and Format of Literary Analysis Just like any other writing work, the literary analysis shall be properly formatted and structured. This helps to group and organize the information in a more logical and comfortable to read way. The structure of your literary analysis is similar to others essay that you used to deal with: Introduction; Thesis Statement; Body paragraph; Final Conclusion. Introduction The introductory part is aimed at telling your reader what the essay is about. It shall include elements like: Data about the analyzed piece of literature: title, a name of the author, year of creation and other information that may be helpful for identifying the subject. A statement or statements that may express the main aim of your essay. A thesis statement that shall be a final part of the introductory paragraph. It shall be short, laconic and very informative. Some writing experts advise to include a question that you are going to answer later in your essay. There is an easy way to check if the introductory paragraph is informative enough. Check if it answers the following questions: WHO: the information about an author and its creation. WHAT: the main question or issue that is going to be solved. HOW: the methods and ways that are going to be used in order to reach the aim. WHY: the idea about how the results can be used in real life, for which purposes and why the author of the essay choose the topic. Body Paragraph The common mistake of many students is writing the body of an essay as a single paragraph. This part of an essay is the biggest and most informative. It can be difficult to read or to understand it. That’s why it’s better to write two or more paragraphs with several sub-paragraphs if necessary. There are also several great tips that can help you to write a great body paragraph: Use a separate paragraph for each statement or an idea. It’s better to express the main idea at the beginning of the paragraph. Check if it coincides with the general idea of an essay that is mentioned in the thesis. Supporting your ideas with some facts can be useful. However, it’s also necessary to support your ideas with extracts from the piece of literature and quotes. For this purpose, you can use extracts of dialogues or monologues of the characters. Try to understand and to describe an author’s choice of literature techniques instead of giving simple definitions to them. End each paragraph with some important information. Psychologists say that readers will accept information better if it’s given at the beginning and at the end of a paragraph. Sometimes it’s very difficult not to step away from the main aim. To avoid that, check if each of your paragraphs corresponds to the main topic mentioned in the introductory part. Conclusion The final part of the essay is shorter but not less important than the body part. Some students think that the conclusion is a short and very laconic rewrite of the body paragraph. However, it’s wrong to think this way. The conclusion part is aimed at answering the main question that was described or mentioned in a thesis. It also shows how the statements that were mentioned and described in the body paragraph support the main conclusion. 5 Common Types of Literary Analysis There are several types of literary analysis. They differ due to pieces of literature they describe, their main aim and methods that are used for analysis. Here, we describe some of the existing types that are commonly used for academic programs: Close Reading This type of analysis is used for noticing and analyzing small details and parts of the text. For example, in this case, great attention is paid to some minor actions, gestures of the characters, choice of words, etc. This type of analysis allows noticing the smallest elements of the general picture created by an author and understanding it in a better way. Theoretical Unlike the type that is described above, the theoretical type of analysis is more concentrated on the general idea or some key elements. This analysis allows evaluating the main theory described in the literary work. It may also include a comparison between the described theory and other possible theories connected to a subject. Comparative This type of analysis means that a writer of an essay compares two or more elements that may have a connection to the piece of literature. In fact, there are different subtypes of the comparative analysis. It may be a comparison between two elements or characters that are used in the same text, a comparison between two literary works of the same or different authors, etc. Contextual This type of analysis requires a careful investigation of the historical, geographical and cultural background of the events that are described in a novel or a poem. This analysis is helpful for a better understanding of the information that is given in the author’s text. Applied The applied type of literary analysis is aimed at revealing your own attitude to the written text. Many students think that this means that writing an applied analysis can be less difficult than dealing with other types of analysis. In fact, it’s not really true. This type of analysis allows you to be more creative, however, it never means that the analysis shall look less critical and deep. Usage of Examples for Literary Analysis Using correct and illustrative examples may be a great method to support and explain your statements. Which examples can be used? Description of similar situations from your personal experience or experience of some people you know. Description of situations that are related to more understandable reality. For example, an explanation of how an event mentioned in an analyzed historical novel could be interpreted nowadays. Describing situations that are mentioned in other pieces of literature. Alternative Solution It’s always a nice way to read some additional guidelines or explanations and to practice for a while before writing an excellent literature analysis. However, students’ life is more complicated than it may appear. Sometimes students have too much work, feel unmotivated to write an essay or simply think that working on an essay or another type of writing assignment can ruin some of their great plans. There’s always an alternative solution for situations like that. For example, applying to our writing service in order to receive some help! If something goes wrong with the preparation of your writing paper, there’s no need to worry. We are always ready to save you!

The Focus Groups Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Focus Groups - Research Paper Example In the groups, questions are asked in an interactive way and the members are allowed to socialize among themselves in a free manner (Stewart et al 2006, p.55) There are a many of reasons that make focus groups different from one-to-one interviews. One of the differences is that focus groups give a room for a person to gain information from the society’s cross section. It also enables a person to obtain multiple views at once. On the other hand, in one on one interview the research is targeted on only one person and, therefore, the cross section of the society is not fully represented. The one on one interview only allows only single point of view at a particular time as opposed to focusing groups. One on one interview allows the interviewer to obtain deep information from a person. It can be very essential when a particular person has much knowledge about a particular aspect. However, the focus group limits the availability of deep information from the study participants (Rubin & Rubin 2005, p.67). Group interviews have numerous advantages over one on one interview. One of the benefits is that the focus groups give room for interaction among the group members. It gives an advantage of generation of new thinking concerning the topic in consideration. The focus groups are dynamic in nature. Due to this fact the moderator can be able to modify the topics. There is also the ability to utilize the nonverbal behaviors of the participants. However, there are issues that one needs to be aware of the focus groups. There are cases when they can be influenced by the dominant people. Secondly they cannot be effective when sensitive issues are concerned. The findings of the groups are not projectable. It means that this cannot be compared to the results achieved by other methods of research. The environment that is created by the groups is artificial and there are chances that

Outline Maslow's Hierarchy of needs, Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Outline Maslow's Hierarchy of needs, - Essay Example This essay would further describe the Hierarchy of needs and would tell as to how the theory is relevant when it comes to use in organizations (Institute of Management 1998). Hierarchy of needs is a theory which can be implemented into practice in organizations because of the context in which it was written. It tells the employers about the human nature and how necessary it is to fulfill the requirements of these individuals in order to attain high performance. The hierarchy of needs is divided into five major representations by Maslow. These needs are basically formatted into a pyramid which shows how they are important. In basic terminology this hierarchy of needs is divided into physiological, safety, love and belongingness, esteem, and self actualization (Institute of Management 1998; Viles 2008). Following is the list that provides the overview of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs: It can be derived from the above list that the biological needs are the first ones which need to be fulfilled. Biological needs are the basic necessities of life without which a person cannot survive. Breathing, shelter and biological factors such as homeostasis can be counted in these needs. All these factors are necessary for an individual to survive. If this need is fulfilled then the next human need is of safety. Safety is described in different contexts by Maslow as in the general world this safety implies to be something which is related to justice and freedom whereas in a work environment this safety means the safety of job. In a work environment this safety can also mean the incentives provided for the safety of an individual by the employer when the employee is in need of help. In general it is all what a human may need after his basic needs of survival are fulfilled. After the human needs of safety are fulfilled Maslow states that humans usually run for love and belongingn ess. By love and belongingness here he means that humans need affection from their fellow

Research paper on Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice

On Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice - Research Paper Example In fact, a girl who was wed when her father died would not inherit his fortune; instead, the husband was in line for the inheritance. This is what would have happened in the Bennet house hold, and this is one of the reasons that Mrs. Bennet wanted to make sure that her girls were wed. Keeping these thoughts in mind, Jane Austen, in her novel, Pride and Prejudice, reinforces the conservative values of the society in which her characters live. The period that the novel takes place was called the Regency Period. This period was called this because King George IV was in rule between 1810 and 1820 and the story takes place midway between these two years in 1813 (Austen, â€Å"Study† 10). During this period, the industrial revolution created wealthy men from the middle class who were business owners and professionals. They were able to purchase large homes, landscape the grounds, wear elaborate clothes and be driven around in fine carriages (Austen, â€Å"Study† 10). Although many had become wealthy, others were struggling and many were hungry. When people have these challenges, they often turn to social unrest, which happened at this time, and there were bread riots and worker protests (Austen, â€Å"Study† 11). Social customs were very important to this era and men and women had specific places within society. Austen shows this throughout her novel. This historical back ground was never included in Austen’s novels. Instead, she wanted readers to understand what she saw during this time because she was constantly observing the middle class that she lived within. Her novels depicted the â€Å"manners and morals of the middle class† (Austen â€Å"Study† 11). This historical back ground is important to understand how Austen’s novel reinforced the conservative values of the time. â€Å"It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife†

Operation Managenent Essay Example for Free

Operation Managenent Essay After completing this chapter, you should be able to: 1. Define the term operations management. 2. Identify the three major functional areas of organizations and describe how they interrelate. 3. Identify similarities and differences between production and service operations. 4. Describe the operations function and the nature of the operations managers job. 5. Summarize the two major aspects of process management. 6. Explain the key aspects of operations management decision making. Briefly describe the historical evolution of operations management. . Characterize current trends in business that impact operations management. Chapter 2 Competitiveness, Strategy, and Productivity After completing this chapter, you should be able to: 1. 2. 3. 4. List the three primary ways that business organizations compete. Explain five reasons for the poor competitiveness of some companies. Define the term strategy and explain why strategy is important. Discuss and compare organization strategy and operations strategy, and explain why it is important to link the two. 5. Describe and give examples of time-based strategies. 6. Define the term productivity and explain why it is important to organizations and to countries. 7. Provide some of the reasons for poor productivity and some ways of improving it. Chapter 3 Forecasting: 1. List the elements of a good forecast. 2. Outline the steps in the forecasting process. 3. Evaluate at least three qualitative forecasting techniques and the advantages and disadvantages of each. 4. Compare and contrast qualitative and quantitative approaches to forecasting. 5. Describe averaging techniques, trend and seasonal techniques, and regression analysis, and solve typical problems. Explain three measures of forecast accuracy. 7. Compare two ways of evaluating and controlling forecasts. 8. Assess the major factors and trade-offs to consider when choosing a forecasting technique. Chapter 4 – Product and Service Design: 1. Explain the strategic importance of product and service design. 2. Identify some key reasons for design or redesign. 3. Recognize the key questions of product and service design. 4. List some of the main sources of design ideas. 5. Discuss the importance of legal, ethical, and sustainability considerations in product and service design. 6. Explain the purpose and goal of life cycle assessment. 7. Explain the phrase the 3 Rs. 8. Briefly describe the phases in product design and development. 9. Name several key issues in manufacturing design. 10. Recognize several key issues in service design. 11. Name the phases in service design. 12. List the characteristics of well-designed service systems. 13. Assess some of the challenges of service design. Chapter 5 Strategic Capacity Planning for Products and Services: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Summarize the importance of capacity planning. Discuss ways of defining and measuring capacity. Describe the determinants of effective capacity. Discuss the major considerations related to developing capacity alternatives. Briefly describe approaches that are useful for evaluating capacity alternatives. Chapter 6 Process Selection and Facility Layout: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Explain the strategic importance of process selection. Describe the influence that process selection has on an organization. Compare the basic processing types. Explain the need for management of technology. List some reasons for redesign of layouts. Describe the basic layout types, and the main advantages and disadvantages of each. Chapter 7- Work Design and Measurement: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Explain the importance of work design. Compare and contrast the two basic approaches to job design. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of specialization. Explain the term knowledge-based pay. Explain the purpose of methods analysis and describe how methods studies are performed. 6. Compare four commonly used techniques for motion study. 7. Discuss the impact of working conditions on job design. 8. Define a standard time. 9. Describe and compare time study methods and perform calculations. 10. Describe work sampling and perform calculations. Compare stopwatch time study and work sampling. 12. Contrast time and output pay systems. Chapter 8 Location Planning and Analysis: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Identify some of the main reasons organizations need to make location decisions. Explain why location decisions are important. Discuss the options that are available for location decisions. Give examples of the major factors that affect location decisions. Outline the decision process for making these kinds of decisions. Chapter 9 – Management of Quality: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Define the term quality as it relates to products and as it relates to services. Explain why quality is important and the consequences of poor quality. Identify the determinants of quality. Distinguish the costs associated with quality. Compare the quality awards. Discuss the philosophies of quality gurus. Describe TQM. Give an overview of process improvement. Describe and use various quality tools. Chapter 10 – Quality Control: 1. List and briefly explain the elements of the control process. 2. Explain how control charts are used to monitor a process, and the concepts that underlie their use. Chapter 11 Aggregate Planning and Master Scheduling: 1. Explain what aggregate planning is and how it is useful. 2. Identify the variables decision makers have to work with in aggregate planning and some of the possible strategies they can use. 3. Describe some of the graphical and quantitative techniques planners use. 4. Describe the master scheduling process and explain its importance. Chapter 12 – MRP and ERP: 1. Describe the conditions under which MRP is most appropriate. 2. Describe the inputs, outputs, and nature of MRP processing. 3. Explain how requirements in a master production schedule are translated into material requirements for lower-level items. Discuss the benefits and requirements of MRP. 5. Explain how an MRP system is useful in capacity requirements planning. 6. Outline the potential benefits and some of the difficulties users have encountered with MRP. 7. Describe MRP II and its benefits. 8. Describe ERP, what it provides, and its hidden costs. Chapter 13 – Inventory Management: 1. Define the term inventory, list the major reasons for holding inventories, and list the main requirements for effective inventory management. 2. Discuss the nature and importance of service inventories. 3. Explain periodic and perpetual review systems. 4. Explain the objectives of inventory management. 5. Describe the A-B-C approach and explain how it is useful. 6. Describe the basic EOQ model and its assumptions. 7. Describe reorder point models. 8. Describe situations in which the singleperiod model would be appropriate. Chapter 14 – JIT and Lean Operations: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Explain what is meant by the term lean operations system. List each of the goals of a lean system and explain its importance. List and briefly describe the building blocks of lean. Identify the benefits of a lean system. Outline the considerations important in converting a traditional mode of operations to a lean system. 6. Point out some of the obstacles that might be encountered when converting to a lean system. 7. Describe value stream mapping. Chapter 15 – Supply Chain Management 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Discuss the key issues of supply chain management. Name the recent trends in supply chain management. Summarize the motivations and risks of outsourcing as a strategy. State some of the complexities that are involved with global supply chains. List some of the strategic, tactical, and operational responsibilities of supply chain management. Give examples of some advantages of e-business. Explain the importance of supplier partnerships. List the requirements of an effective supply chain. Name some of the challenges in creating an effective supply chain. Chapter 16 Scheduling 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Explain what scheduling involves and the importance of good scheduling. Describe scheduling needs in high-volume and intermediate-volume systems. Describe scheduling needs in job shops. Use and interpret Gantt charts, and use the assignment method for loading. Give examples of commonly used priority rules. Summarize some of the unique problems encountered in service systems, and describe some of the approaches used for scheduling service systems. Chapter 17 – Project Management: 1. Discuss the behavioral aspects of projects in terms of project personnel and the project manager. 2. Explain the nature and importance of a work breakdown structure in project management. 3. Give a general description of PERT/CPM techniques. 4. Construct simple network diagrams. 5. List the kinds of information that a PERT or CPM analysis can provide. 6. Describe activity crashing and solve typical problems. Management of Waiting Lines After ompleting this chapter, you should be familiar with waiting line terminology, be able to solve typical problems using the models presented in this chapter, and answer these questions: 1. Describe what imbalance does the existence of a waiting line reveal? 2. Explain what causes waiting lines to form, and why is it impossible to eliminate them completely? 3. Describe what metrics are used to help managers analyze waiting lines? 4. Explain what are some psychological approaches to managing waiting lines, and why might a manager want to use them? 5. Explain what very important lesson does the constant service time model provide for managers?

How to Achieve Happiness Essay -- Happiness Essays

"Most folks are as happy as they make up their minds to be." -- Abraham Lincoln According to Cambridge's Online Dictionary, happiness is a state of mind or feeling characterized by contentment, satisfaction, pleasure, or joy. There are a number of attributes that correlate with happiness: relationships and social interaction, extroversion, marital status, employment, health, democratic freedom, optimism, religious involvement, income, and proximity to other happy people. Because the concept of happiness is complex and hard to measure, many people believe that happiness is mysterious, elusive, and totally out of their control. This is not true. Actually, happiness is a choice. Each person can decide whether to be happy or not. Wilhelm von Humboldt, a German philosopher, said, â€Å"I am...

Nutrition in Fitness and Sport

Final Case Study: A Teenage Female Champion Grace MacMillan Nutrition for Fitness and Sport Introduction Ice hockey is characterized by high intensity intermittent skating, rapid changes in velocity, lengthy duration and frequent body contact (1). The typical player performs for 15 to 20 minutes of a 60 minute game (1). Each shift lasts from 30 to 90 seconds with 4 to 4 minutes of recovery between shifts.The intensity of a particular shift is determined be the duration and the extent of the contribution from aerobic to anaerobic energy systems by the player (1). In order to accommodate the body for these high intensity bursts and length of activity the player must develop muscle strength, power and anaerobic endurance in addition to a good aerobic system (1). Hockey players tend to have a mesomorphic structure and are relatively lean to positively influence their skating performance (1). For my nutrition analysis I chose an adolescent female hockey player.As far as teenage athletes g o, AC has already more than filled her resume with an abundance of accomplishments including a gold medal from the 2012 IIHF World Women’s U18 Championship, the 2011 Tier 1 Under 19 U. S. National Championship, the 2010 Under 16 U. S. National Championship and the 2009 Atlantic Challenge Cup in addition to representing Team Nova Scotia at the 2011 Canada Winter Games. As a student at the private hockey prep school of Sattuck-St. Mary’s in Faribauly, Minnesota she is limited to a very specific selection of food on campus as she is a boarding student there.Female athletes are faced daily with the challenge of meeting the nutrient requirements for growth and development in addition to sport performance (2). Due to the wide range of physiological demands a large proportion of female athletes regularly do not meet DRI’s for a number of macro and micronutrients some of which include vitamin D, folate, vitamin E and calcium (2). The current research illustrates the cha llenges that female athletes may face, otherwise known as the â€Å"female athlete triad† which include disordered eating, amenorrhea and osteoporosis (3).Furthermore, female teenage athletes have found to have relatively low energy intake and inadequate intakes of certain nutrients which are observed to improve seasonally in correspondence to their in-season and off-season, respectively (4). Assessment Part A: Objective Data AC is a 17 year old female who is currently 68. 95kg at 1. 73m tall and has reported to have a 21% body fat composition, which equates to a normal BMI of 23. AC communicated the desire to cut weight to 65. 7kg, which equates to a normal BMI of 22 by August 1st 2012 in preparation for her next achievement of playing for Team Canada in the Olympics. In the patient’s case it would be more appropriate to use the body fat percentage to measure weight loss because the losses will be in body fat not lean body mass (5). Fortunately in preparation of this event, AC is required to fill out a daily reflection including food log, physical activity as defined by strength training, cardio and core exercise and personal reflection.Thus, from the data given to me I have chosen to pick 3 weekdays and 3 weekend days to analyze. In summary, in-season she participates twice weekly with a strength training workout for approximately one hour and ice skating (practice) every day for approximately 1 hour and 15 minutes. As part of school extra circular activities she incorporates basketball 3 times weekly for 45 minutes in addition to games once to twice weekly. During the off-season she strives to maintain 4 days per week of strength training exercise, in addition to skating twice a week and running for approximately an hour each day.The raw data can be viewed in appendix A. Part B: Analysis of the Data The analysis of AC’s daily reflection reveals that as most female athletes she does not meet the required amount of energy for her physical activity level and body structure, but due to her current goal of losing weight, restricting calories while maintaining the recommended amount of servings as per the Canada’s Food Guide does not put her at risk for any of the symptoms of the female triad.AC’s diet analysis reveals that although she is meeting her calcium requirement, other nutrients of concern as revealed by the literature review such as vitamin D, E and folate are not being met. AC is currently taking a multivitamin but was unable to describe in any detail in the interview type or contents (as her mother sends them too her from home) but the vitamin most likely supplies micronutrient needs. Furthermore, in most cases AC is effective with meal timing, especially when you look at her inclusion of mid-morning snacks most days, which tend to be the days where a morning practice or working out is has occured.In regards to AC’s recommended food guide servings, as analyzed in appendix B, she meets he r dairy servings all of the time, meat and alternative servings most of the time but only meets her fruit and vegetable and grain servings half some of the time. This further eliminates the risk of osteoporosis and protein losses, thus, analysis should focus on grain servings to promote increased carbohydrate consumption and reaching daily servings of fruits and vegetables.If we calculate AC’s carbohydrate (CHO) requirement as a recommendation based on body weight (per kg) and expressed as total grams per day considering her sport as intermittent high intensity she requires approximately 400g – 680g CHO/day. This amount can easily be adjusted daily in correspondence to the amount of exercise and energy level to accommodate weight loss. The average CHO intake was 246. 67g per day which equates to approximately 1000 Kcal per day but only nearly half of the recommended CHO consumption.As the role of protein is to build and repair tissue, consuming the recommended serving amounts is extremely important to protect herself against the risk of protein losses. If we calculate AC`s protein (PRO) requirement as a recommendation based on body weight (per kg) and expressed as total grams per day considering her sport as intermittent high intensity she requires approximately 89g – 103g PRO/day. To protect against protein losses and maintain existing muscle, timing of consumption becomes extremely important.After exercise protein sources should be consumed immediately after (stage 1) and within 2 hours after (stage 2) but should not exceed more than 1. 6g/kg per day (5). The average PRO intake was 104g per day which equates to approximately 417. 33 Kcal per day and exceeds her recommended protein intake slightly. As some dietary fat is essential to cell development and synthesis, and the recommended amounts range from 20-35% of the dietary energy intake are required.In comparison to her recommended range of fat intake as described by EatTracker, AC is n ot usually achieving her recommended amount of fat as her average fat intake was 42g per day which equates to approximately 378 Kcal, which is just less than 12% daily intake from fat. Lastly, fluids impact the regulation of body temperature, hydration and remove metabolic excretions which all improve athletic performance. Sweat rates and hydration level are affected by the duration, environmental temperature and intensity of the exercise the participant is engaged in, ergo, water needs are fairly diverse.As a regular participant in vigorous and enduring exercise AC’s fluid recommendations would be fairly high. AC reported to consume at least one cup of water usually at every meal and drinks as much as 2L over the duration of any length of exercise. Nutrition Plan and Recommendations In regards to the literature review of typical female athlete concerns, AC is an ideal patient considering she does not show any symptoms of the female athlete triad and although weight loss is d esired, she has determined an appropriate weight loss and time frame to achieve her goal by maintaining food guide recommendations while reducing energy intake.AC has described an appropriate goal of losing 3. 18kg over 8 months (as the goal was acknowledged in January) to increase athletic performance and maintain good health by reducing body fat. To improve weight loss results AC should consume a number of small frequent meals that have a high proportion of CHO to maintain blood glucose levels and moderate protein levels to ensure adequate replacement of lean protein tissue (5). Although AC is typically meeting her Food Guide recommendations, she needs to ensure adequate energy intake of approximately 2700 Kcal/day and devise energy into 5-6 small meals every day.Some days she is just barely consuming 1200 Kcal which is not enough energy to keep her body strong and maintain muscle tissue when considering the amount of physical demand on the body from the substantial amount of exer cise. An energy reduction of 500 Kcal (2700kcal/day from 3200kcal/day) is appropriate to reduce weight by approximately 0. 45kg (1lb) per week, reducing weight by approximately 3. 6kg over 8 weeks. This gives the participant approximately 24 weeks to maintain and stabilize weight loss.As AC’s physical activity participation is generally stable it is more appropriate to request stable and reduced energy intakes versus increasing physical activity duration (5). Further recommendations for AC would be to monitor weight changes during exercise to ensure adequate hydration status. Before exercise, increase fluid intake and reduce fat and fiber intake to facilitate gastric emptying and minimize GI upsets (5). During and after exercise consume fluids to replace sweat losses and maintain hydration status, which may include incorporating a sport drink to replenish water, carbohydrate and electrolyte levels.To increase consumption, ensure fluids are chilled to approximately 10 degrees Celsius (5). Advise that most liquids including milk, water, soup, 100% percent juices and sports drinks all contribute to fluid intake recommendation. * I would advise AC to increase carbohydrate and fat intake by adding a carbohydrate rich snack in the afternoon each day and increase fat of dairy products. A recommended meal plan using the ‘Beyond the Basics’ guidelines can be viewed in appendix G taking into consideration AC’s limited food choices, EER, carbohydrate, protein and fat recommendations. Appendix A: AC’s Daily ReflectionsAppendix B: Nutritional Analysis via eaTracker (Dietitians of Canada) January 7 2012 Food Group Analysis Nutrient Analysis January 10 2012 Food Group Analysis Nutrient Analysis January 16 2012 Food Group Analysis Nutrition Analysis January 21 2012 Food Group Analysis Nutrient Analysis January 23 2012 Food Group Analysis Nutrient Analysis January 30 2012 Food Group Analysis Nutrient Analysis Appendix C: Overview of Vitamin In take Analysis via eaTracker (Dietitians of Canada) Appendix D: Estimate Energy Requirements Calculation Female (age 9-18) = 135. 3 – 30. 8 x Age + [PA x (10. 0 x Wt. + 934 x Ht. )] + 25 = 135. 3 – 30. x Age + [1. 56 (10. 0 x 68. 95kg + 934 x 1. 73m)] + 25 = 3233 kcal/day ? 3200 kcal/day Appendix E: Carbohydrate Requirements As a percent of 3200 Kcal and expressed as total grams per day = 55 – 60% x 3200Kcal = 1760 – 1920Kcal / day = 1760 – 1920 Kcal / 4 Kcal/g ? 440 – 480 g CHO/day As a recommendation based on body weight (per kg) and expressed as total grams per day considering her sport as intermittent high intensity = 6 – 10g/kg x 68. 95kg = 413. 7g – 689. 5g CHO/day ? 400g – 680g CHO/day Appendix F: Protein Requirements As a recommendation based on body weight (per kg) and expressed as total grams per day = 1. 3g/kg – 1. g/kg x 68. 95kg = 89. 64g – 103. 43g PRO/day ? 89g – 103g PRO/day Appendix G : Meal Plan Breakfast 1 cup 100% fruit juice, 1 large banana, 1 slice French toast, 2 tbsp maple syrup, 1 cup yogurt Morning Snack 1 Instant Oatmeal pouch, 2 tbsp peanut butter, 1 med. apple Lunch 1 cups 2% milk, 1 cup pasta, ? cup ground beef, ? cup tomato sauce, 1 cup strawberries Afternoon Snack 12 crackers, 1 medium orange Supper 1 cup 2% milk, 1 cup rice, 1 chicken breast, ? cup carrots, ? cup kernel corn Evening snack 24 tortilla chips, ? cup salsa Appendix H: Meal Plan Analysis via eaTracker (Dietitians of Canada) Food Group Analysis of Meal Plan:Nutrient Analysis References 1. Montgomery DL. Physiology of Ice Hockey. Sports Med. 1988;5(2):99-126. 2. Gibson JC, Stuard-Hill L, Martin S and Gaul C. Nutritional status of junior elite Canadian female soccer athletes. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2011;21(6):507-14. 3. Gabel K. Special nutritional concerns for the female athlete. ACSM. 2006;5(4):187-191. 4. Ziegler P et al. Nutritional status of teenage female competitive figure s katers. J Amer Diet Assoc. 2002;102(3):374-379. 5. Williams MH. Nutrition for Health, Fitness and Sport. 9th Ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc; 2010. 6. Dufour, A. Introduction to Protein Powerpoint.Bedford, MSVU; 2012. 7. Dufour, A. Practical Applications of Protein (PRO) Powerpoint. Bedford, MSVU; 2012. 8. Convertino, V. A, Armstrong L. E. , Coyle, W. F. , et al. (1996). American College of Sports Medicine Position Stand: Exercise and Fluid Replacement. American College of Sports Medicine, 517-521. 9. Dufour, A. Energy Metabolism and Carbohydrates Powerpoint. Bedford, MSVU; 2011. 10. Dieticians of Canada. EatTracker. Dieticians of Canada; 2012. 11. Canadian Diabetes Association. Beyond the Basics: Meal Planning for Healthy Eating, Diabetes Prevention and Management, Version 2. Toronto: Canadian Diabetes Association; 2005.